Iodine action:
1. Promote biological oxidation. Thyroxine can promote biological oxidation in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, coordinate the coupling of biological oxidation and phosphorylation, and regulate energy conversion.
2. Regulate protein synthesis and decomposition. When protein intake is insufficient, thyroxine can promote protein synthesis; When protein intake is sufficient, thyroxine can promote protein decomposition.
3. Promote the metabolism of sugar and fat. Thyroxine can accelerate the absorption and utilization of sugar, promote the decomposition and oxidation of glycogen and fat, and regulate the concentration of serum cholesterol and phospholipids.
4. Regulate water and salt metabolism. Thyroid hormone can promote the water and salt in the tissue to enter the blood and be discharged from the kidney. In case of lack, it can cause water and salt retention in the tissue. Tissue fluid containing a large amount of mucin appears in the tissue gap, causing mucoedema.
5. Promote the absorption and utilization of vitamins, thyroxine can promote the absorption and utilization of nicotinic acid, the process of converting carotene into vitamin A and the synthesis of riboflavin adenine dinucleotide.
6. Enhance the activity of enzymes. Thyroxine can activate more than 100 enzymes in the body, such as cytochrome enzyme system, succinate oxidase system, alkaline phosphatase, etc., and play a role in material metabolism.
7. Promote growth and development. Thyroxine promotes bone development and protein synthesis, and maintains the normal structure of the central nervous system.
It is worth noting that excessive iodine intake by human body is also harmful, and excessive iodine in daily diet will also cause "hyperthyroidism". Whether it is necessary to "supplement iodine" in addition to the normal diet, it is necessary to go through a regular physical examination, listen to the doctor's advice, and do not blindly "supplement iodine".
Iodine can be used as edible salt:
People mainly obtain iodine from drinking water, food, vegetables and the surrounding environment. If iodine is deficient in drinking water, food and the surrounding environment, people living there for a long time will suffer from iodine deficiency disease due to insufficient iodine intake; Iodine deficiency areas are not only inland, mountainous, high and steep terrain and high groundwater level areas.
The results of practice show that the implementation of salt iodization is the most economical, effective, simple and easy way to prevent iodine deficiency disease in the face of a vast area of iodine deficiency and a large number of prevention and control objects. Salt is a necessity in people's life. Adding iodine to table salt can supplement iodine with three meals a day, which is convenient and can ensure that people take enough iodine for life.
The color and taste of iodized salt are identical with that of common table salt; Although people have different tastes and different amounts of salt, it is safe to eat iodized salt. Because the iodine content of table salt is similar to that of common seafood. Iodized salt should be used for a long time. In iodine deficient areas, if iodized salt is not used for 3 to 6 consecutive months, it will cause iodine deficiency hazards. Many seafood, such as kelp, fish, shrimp and seaweed, are also rich in iodine, which can also be used to supplement iodine.
Among all kinds of iodine supplement measures, edible iodized salt is the most cost-effective mass prevention and treatment measures. Although iodine is an intelligence element, excessive consumption of iodine does not improve human health and intelligence, but is harmful. The human body needs iodine every day, but only in small amounts.
Precautions for iodine:
The iodine adhered to the skin can be washed away with sodium thiosulfate or sodium carbonate solution.
Children's iodine poisoning is mostly caused by taking it by mistake or using too much. Someone once mistook iodine tincture for cough syrup and gave it to children. A few sick children are allergic to iodine, and the treatment dose also has serious reactions. Children can die if they take 3~4mL iodine tincture by mistake.
Children mistakenly take iodine with high concentration, which has a strong stimulation and corrosion effect on the gastrointestinal tract. After absorption, it reacts with the protein in the tissue, causing systemic poisoning. After being taken by mistake, children have a taste of iodine in their mouth, burning and pain in their mouth, esophagus and stomach, edema in their mouth and throat, which is brown, and can cause scars and strictures in their esophagus and stomach after recovery. The sick child also has dizziness, headache, thirst, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever and other symptoms. Blood can be carried in the stool. Children with severe poisoning have pale complexion, shortness of breath, cyanosis, tremor of limbs, blurred consciousness, loss of orientation, sensory disturbance, speech disorder, even coma, shock, or toxic nephritis, hematuria, proteinuria, and in severe cases, acute renal failure. Allergic children can cause anaphylactic shock.
Due to the strong corrosiveness of iodine preparation, it can cause throat edema, even asphyxia, and can also cause mental symptoms and coma in severe cases. If it cannot be rescued in time, it can cause severe hypoxia in the brain, damage the central nervous system, and affect the intellectual development of children. Therefore, we should put the iodine preparation in a safe place and not allow children to take it casually. In particular, we should educate children not to take more iodine throat tablets. In addition, iodine tincture should be placed separately from cough syrup, and the name should be marked to prevent iodine tincture from being mistaken for cough syrup for children to take, so as to prevent poisoning. If you take a large amount of iodine preparation, you should immediately send it to the hospital for rescue and treatment, which can alleviate the symptoms.
Children poisoned by oral iodine preparation should be given a large amount of starch food immediately, such as rice soup, lotus root powder, noodles, porridge, bread, biscuits, etc., and then induce vomiting, and then use 1%~10% starch solution or rice soup to wash the stomach, or 1% sodium thiosulfate solution to wash the stomach until the liquid body is no blue. After gastric lavage, diarrhea is induced, and rice soup, raw egg white, milk, vegetable oil, etc. are taken orally to protect the gastric mucosa. Oxygen should be given in case of severe throat edema, and artificial respiration should be carried out immediately in case of asphyxia. At the same time, pay attention to symptomatic treatment.
Residents in areas without iodine deficiency need not eat iodized salt. For example, some counties in Heze, Shandong Province, which are high in iodine, have canceled the compulsory iodine supplement. Secondly, patients with hyperthyroidism do not need to eat iodized salt, because iodine supplementation will increase the synthesis of thyroid hormone and aggravate the disease. Third, patients with thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease) should not eat iodized salt, because iodine supplementation will aggravate the inflammatory symptoms. Fourth, patients with thyroid tumors. The relationship between thyroid cancer and iodine nutrition level is not clear in medical research. Therefore, patients with thyroid cancer should be more cautious about whether to take iodized salt or not, and follow the doctor's advice in combination with their condition. Fifth, patients with hypothyroidism. It is also controversial whether such people need iodine supplement, because the pathogenic factors of this disease are diverse and cannot be generalized. Sixth, patients with other thyroid diseases need to make choices under the guidance of doctors in combination with their condition and their iodine nutritional status. Seventh, pregnant women and lactating women with thyroid diseases need to follow the doctor's advice or take the method of iodine supplement for lactating infants separately according to their individual conditions.